Numerical analysis of thick, multi-layered composite girders using hybrid-stress finite elements

This paper presents an analysis of numerical solutions for multi-layer composite girders under static loading. In the algorithms of presented solutions the hybrid-stress model of the finite element method based on Reissner's modified variational functional was used. Two versions of numerical programs were developed for an $N$-layer finite element. The programs were tested on the example of a three-layer laminated beam of carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy composite, as well as on the example of numerical solution for a cantilevered plate. In addition, numerical examples concerning laminated glued timber beams and a retaining wall of reinforced soil were analysed.